Weather, Air and Sky

Air, weather elements, seasons, solar system basics.

Share with your prep group:WhatsApp

Test yourself on Weather, Air and Sky

5 real UPTET questions with instant answers — no signup, ~3 minutes.

Weather, Air and Sky

Overview

Weather, Air and Sky is a foundational topic in Environmental Studies that connects the child's everyday experiences—feeling the breeze, watching clouds, noticing hot and cold days—with scientific concepts. For UPTET Paper I, this topic carries significant weight because it integrates physical science with environmental awareness, a key objective of the EVS curriculum.

Candidates must understand basic atmospheric phenomena, the composition and properties of air, seasonal changes in India, and elementary concepts about the solar system. Questions typically test factual recall (layers of atmosphere, planets) as well as pedagogical understanding of how to teach these abstract concepts to primary-level children through observation and activities.

Mastery of this topic also supports other EVS areas like water cycle, environment protection and travel, making it a high-yield subject for preparation.

---

Key Concepts

**Air is a mixture of gases**: Nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), carbon dioxide, water vapour, argon and trace gases make up the atmosphere. Air has weight and occupies space.

**Weather vs Climate**: Weather is the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere (temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind) at a place. Climate is the average weather pattern over 25–30 years.

**Elements of weather**: Temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure and cloud cover determine daily weather.

**Seasons in India**: India experiences four main seasons—summer (Grishma), monsoon/rainy (Varsha), autumn/post-monsoon (Sharad) and winter (Shishir/Hemant). These result from Earth's revolution and axial tilt.

**Layers of atmosphere**: Troposphere (weather occurs here), Stratosphere (ozone layer), Mesosphere, Thermosphere and Exosphere—arranged bottom to top.

**The solar system**: Sun at the centre, eight planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) orbiting it. Earth is the third planet and the only one with life.

**Day and night**: Caused by Earth's rotation on its axis (24 hours for one rotation).

**Seasons and year**: Caused by Earth's revolution around the Sun (365¼ days) and the 23.5° tilt of Earth's axis.

---

Formulas / Key Facts

| Fact | Detail | |------|--------| | Composition of air | N₂ 78%, O₂ 21%, CO₂ 0.03%, Ar ~1%, others trace | | Troposphere thickness | 0–12 km (weather zone) | | Ozone layer location | Stratosphere (15–35 km) | | Earth's rotation period | 24 hours → day and night | | Earth's revolution period | 365¼ days → year and seasons | | Axial tilt of Earth | 23.5° | | Order of planets (from Sun) | My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nachos | | Largest planet | Jupiter | | Hottest planet | Venus (due to thick CO₂ atmosphere) | | India's monsoon months | June to September (South-West monsoon) |

Practice this topic

Take a full mock →

Q1 · Weather, Air and Sky · MEDIUM
Ravi observes that during the day the land near his village becomes hot quickly, but the nearby pond remains cool. At night, the land cools down fast while the water remains warm for a longer time. Which property of water explains this observation?
Q2 · Weather, Air and Sky · EASY
In which season does Uttar Pradesh generally experience the hottest weather with temperatures often crossing 40 degrees Celsius?
Q3 · Weather, Air and Sky · EASY
A teacher shows children a picture of the solar system. Earth is the third planet from the Sun. Which planet is the second planet from the Sun?
Q4 · Weather, Air and Sky · MEDIUM
During a science activity, children blow air into a bottle half-filled with water using a straw. They see bubbles rising through the water. What does this activity demonstrate about air?
Q5 · Weather, Air and Sky · HARD
A weather station records the following data on a particular day: temperature 35 degrees Celsius, humidity 80 percent, wind speed 15 km per hour, and no rainfall. On the same day, another station 50 km away records: temperature 28 degrees Celsius, humidity 90 percent, wind speed 25 km per hour, and heavy rainfall. Which weather element shows the MOST significant difference that indicates a local weather system (like a thunderstorm) at the second station?

Ask Shishya to explain these →

Notes generated on 27 Jun 2026

Weather, Air and Sky

Weather, Air and Sky

Overview

Key Concepts

Formulas / Key Facts

Need more? Ask Shishya

Practice this topic

Worked Examples

Common Mistakes

Quick Reference