SZF IOS

Motion

Distance, displacement, velocity, acceleration, equations of motion, graphs.

Force and Laws of Motion

Newton's three laws, inertia, momentum, conservation of momentum.

Gravitation

Universal law, free fall, mass vs weight, thrust and pressure, buoyancy.

Work, Energy and Power

Work done by force, kinetic and potential energy, conservation, power.

Sound

Production, propagation, reflection, echo, ultrasound, range of hearing.

Light — Reflection and Refraction

Spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction laws, lenses, lens formula, magnification.

Human Eye and Colourful World

Eye structure, defects of vision, refraction through prism, dispersion, scattering.

Electricity

Electric current, Ohm's law, resistance, series/parallel circuits, heating effect, power.

Magnetic Effects of Current

Magnetic field, Oersted experiment, solenoid, electromagnetic induction, AC vs DC.

Sources of Energy

Conventional and non-conventional sources, solar, wind, nuclear, biomass.

Matter in Our Surroundings

States of matter, change of state, evaporation, latent heat, diffusion.

Is Matter Around Us Pure?

Mixtures, solutions, suspensions, colloids, separation techniques.

Atoms and Molecules

Laws of chemical combination, atomic/molecular mass, mole concept.

Structure of the Atom

Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr models, electron configuration, valency, isotopes.

Chemical Reactions and Equations

Balancing equations, types — combination, decomposition, displacement, redox.

Acids, Bases and Salts

pH, indicators, neutralisation, common salts, properties and uses.

Metals and Non-Metals

Physical/chemical properties, reactivity series, extraction, corrosion, alloys.

Carbon and its Compounds

Covalent bonding, allotropes, hydrocarbons, functional groups, soap and detergents.

Periodic Classification

Mendeleev's table, modern periodic law, periodic trends in groups and periods.

Cell — Fundamental Unit of Life

Cell structure, prokaryotic vs eukaryotic, organelles and their functions.

Tissues

Plant tissues — meristematic and permanent; animal tissues — epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous.

Diversity in Living Organisms

Five-kingdom classification, hierarchy, characteristics of major groups.

Why Do We Fall Ill

Health vs disease, infectious/non-infectious diseases, immunisation.

Natural Resources

Air, water, soil, biogeochemical cycles, pollution and conservation.

Improvement in Food Resources

Crop production, animal husbandry, plant breeding, sustainable agriculture.

Life Processes

Nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion in plants and animals.

Control and Coordination

Nervous system, reflex action, hormones in animals and plants.

How Do Organisms Reproduce

Asexual and sexual reproduction, reproductive health, contraception.

Heredity and Evolution

Mendel's laws, sex determination, evolution, fossils, speciation.

Our Environment

Ecosystem, food chains/webs, ozone depletion, waste management.

Verbal Reasoning

Series, analogy, coding-decoding, classification with science context.

Non-Verbal Reasoning

Figure series, mirror images, embedded figures, pattern completion.

Scientific Reasoning

Experiment-based reasoning, cause-effect, hypothesis testing in PCB contexts.

Data and Chart Interpretation

Reading scientific tables, graphs, periodic trends and biological data.

Higher Order Thinking

Multi-step PCB application questions integrating two or more chapters.

Experimental and Lab-based

Apparatus identification, observation interpretation, lab procedure questions.

Contemporary Science

Current science news — space missions, vaccines, materials, climate.