Things We Make and Do — Local Crafts and Traditional Occupations of Himachal Pradesh

Overview

This topic connects children to the rich material culture of Himachal Pradesh by exploring traditional crafts and occupations that have sustained communities for centuries. In the HP TET examination, questions from this area test your understanding of specific crafts (Kullu shawl, Kangra paintings, Chamba rumal), their geographical associations, raw materials used, and the communities involved in these occupations.

The NCF emphasises learning from the local environment, making HP's handicrafts a natural fit for EVS pedagogy. You must know not just the names of crafts but also their cultural significance, production processes, and the link between geography and occupation. Expect questions that ask you to match crafts with districts, identify raw materials, or explain why certain occupations developed in particular regions.

Mastering this topic also helps you understand how to teach children about dignity of labour, local economy, and preservation of heritage — all essential pedagogical dimensions of EVS.

Key Concepts

**Geography shapes occupation**: The availability of wool from Himalayan sheep led to weaving traditions in Kullu; abundant forests supported wood carving in Kinnaur; mineral-rich soil enabled pottery in Kangra and Mandi.

**Kullu Shawl is a GI-tagged product**: Handwoven using local sheep wool, characterised by geometric patterns and bright borders, primarily produced by women weavers in Kullu district.

**Kangra miniature paintings** originated under Rajput patronage in the 17th–18th centuries, depicting themes from Radha-Krishna love, Bhagavata Purana, and nature scenes with soft colours and delicate brushwork.

**Chamba Rumal** is a unique embroidered handkerchief using untwisted silk thread (called "do-rukha" stitch), depicting mythological scenes; also holds GI tag.

**Traditional occupations are community-based**: Weaving among Kullu families, metal craft among Thatheras of Jandiala Guru (Punjab origin but relevant), wood carving among Kinnauri artisans, and agriculture-pastoral activities across the state.

**Seasonal and subsistence occupations**: Many HP communities combine farming with craft-making — weaving during winter months when farming is not possible.

**Raw materials are locally sourced**: Wool from Gaddi sheep, natural dyes from walnut husk and indigo, slate from Kangra, deodar wood from forests.

**Craft preservation links to livelihood and identity**: These crafts represent intangible cultural heritage and provide sustainable income to rural artisans.

Key Facts

| Craft / Occupation | District / Region | Key Features | |---|---|---| | Kullu Shawl | Kullu | Handwoven wool, geometric patterns, bright coloured borders, GI tag (2006) | | Kangra Painting | Kangra | Miniature style, Radha-Krishna themes, soft pastel colours, Pahari school | | Chamba Rumal | Chamba | Double-sided silk embroidery, mythological scenes, GI tag | | Kinnauri Shawl | Kinnaur | Coarser wool, distinct tribal patterns, natural dyes | | Wood Carving | Kinnaur, Kullu | Temple doors, furniture, masks using deodar and walnut wood | | Metal Craft | Chamba, Mandi | Brass and copper utensils, bells, religious idols | | Slate Carving | Kangra (Dharamshala) | Decorative items and roofing material from local slate | | Basket Weaving | Tribal belts | Bamboo and ringal grass baskets for daily use | | Pottery | Andretta (Kangra) | Terracotta and studio pottery tradition |

**Important GI Tags from HP**: Kullu Shawl, Chamba Rumal, Kangra Tea, Kangra Painting

**Traditional Occupations by Season**:

Summer: Agriculture, animal husbandry, collection of forest produce
Winter: Weaving, embroidery, wood carving (indoor activities)

Worked Examples

**Example 1**: *Which of the following crafts is associated with double-sided embroidery using silk thread?* (a) Kullu Shawl (b) Kangra Painting (c) Chamba Rumal (d) Kinnauri Cap

**Solution**: Chamba Rumal is famous for its "do-rukha" (double-sided) embroidery where the design appears identical on both sides. This technique uses untwisted silk thread called "pat". Answer: **(c)**

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**Example 2**: *Match the following crafts with their primary raw materials:*

| Craft | Raw Material | |---|---| | 1. Kullu Shawl | A. Slate | | 2. Kangra Carving | B. Silk thread | | 3. Chamba Rumal | C. Sheep wool | | 4. Wood Carving | D. Deodar wood |

**Solution**:

Kullu Shawl uses sheep wool from local Gaddi flocks → 1-C
Kangra region is known for slate products → 2-A
Chamba Rumal uses silk embroidery thread → 3-B
Wood carving uses deodar and walnut wood → 4-D

Answer: **1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D**

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**Example 3**: *Why did weaving become a dominant occupation in Kullu valley?*

**Solution**: Step-by-step reasoning: 1. **Geographical factor**: High altitude and cold climate required warm clothing 2. **Raw material availability**: Gaddi community's sheep provided abundant wool 3. **Seasonal factor**: Long winters limited outdoor farming, providing time for indoor weaving 4. **Cultural transmission**: Skills passed through generations, especially among women

This illustrates the EVS principle of connecting occupation to environment.

Common Mistakes

**Confusing Kullu Shawl with Pashmina**: Students often think Kullu shawl uses Pashmina wool. *Correction*: Kullu shawls use wool from local Himalayan sheep, not the fine Pashmina from Changthangi goats of Ladakh.

**Mixing up Kangra Painting with Rajasthani miniatures**: While both are miniature styles, Kangra belongs to the Pahari school with softer colours and nature-dominated backgrounds. *Correction*: Remember "Kangra = Pahari = soft pastoral themes."

**Forgetting the double-sided nature of Chamba Rumal**: Questions often test this unique feature. *Correction*: The term "do-rukha" (two faces) is the key identifier.

**Assuming crafts are only historical**: Students treat these as museum pieces. *Correction*: These are living traditions providing current livelihoods; government schemes like HP Handloom promote them actively.

**Ignoring the GI tag significance**: GI tags protect geographical authenticity and are frequently tested. *Correction*: Memorise that Kullu Shawl, Chamba Rumal, and Kangra Painting all have GI protection.

Quick Reference

**Kullu Shawl** = Sheep wool + geometric patterns + bright borders + GI tag 2006
**Kangra Painting** = Pahari school + Radha-Krishna themes + soft colours + 17th-18th century
**Chamba Rumal** = Do-rukha (double-sided) silk embroidery + mythological scenes
**Geography determines occupation** — wool availability → weaving; forests → wood carving
**Winter months = craft season** in HP due to limited farming activity
**Four HP GI products to remember**: Kullu Shawl, Chamba Rumal, Kangra Painting, Kangra Tea

Things We Make and Do